Patents/Utility models/Designs

!!! - PATENTS ONLY - Limitation on exclusivity:

Prior use;

Private and/or non-commercial use;

Experimental use;

Use of biological material for breeding, discovery and development of a new plant variety type;

Studies and trials and the resulting practical requirements necessary for obtaining a marketing authorization to place a medicinal product on the market in the EU or a marketing approval for a medicinal product in the Member States of the EU or in third countries;

Preparation of medicines in a pharmacy in accordance with a medical prescription;

Acts for obtaining regulatory approval from authorities;

Exhaustion of patent rights;

Compulsory licensing and/or government use;

Exceptions and limitations related to farmers’ and/or breeders’ use of patented inventions.

Patent Law of 1936, Section 11, Section 9c, Section 12

Industrial Designs

Trade Marks

Limitations on exclusivity. Any one may use the following:

The name or address as an indication of features or characteristics of goods or services, in particular, their nature, their properties and determining their value, their geographical origin or the time of production or provision to use, or the brand or business name as a reference to the determination of a commodity to, in particular as accessories or spare parts, or service use.

Act on the Protection of Trade Marks and other Symbols of 1994, Section 23